Physical and Chemical properties of the following topics will be covered in these lectures:
Chemical Periodicity, Group 2, Group 17 and Nitrogen and Sulfur
Chemical Equilibria Outline
Introduction to Chemical Equilibria
Definition of chemical equilibrium
Characteristics of a system in equilibrium
Dynamic nature of equilibrium
The Equilibrium Constant (Kc)
Derivation and expression of the equilibrium constant
Calculation of Kc for homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria
Units of Kc and their significance
Factors Affecting Equilibrium
Le Chatelier's Principle
Effect of changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure on equilibrium
Effect of catalysts on equilibrium position
Applications of Equilibrium Principles
Industrial processes (Haber Process, Contact Process)
Biological systems and biochemical equilibria
Environmental equilibria (acid rain, ocean acidification)
Calculation of Equilibrium Concentrations
Using the ICE (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) table method
Solving equilibrium problems involving Kc
Relationship Between Kp and Kc
Definition of Kp (equilibrium constant for gaseous systems)
Conversion between Kc and Kp
Impact of partial pressure on equilibrium
